Conclusion

The relationship between Ukrainian society and firearms is evolving. The ongoing militarization of the country will present new challenges regarding firearms, their potential misuse, and overall safety. While civilian possession remains limited, policies must recognize the varied attitudes towards firearms among veterans and civilians, particularly in the context of post-conflict societal reintegration.

It is encouraging that awareness of the Unified Register of Weapons has sharply increased among firearm owners, leading to most household firearms being recorded in the database. An effective registration regime enhances domestic security and serves as a preventive measure against the potential illicit diversion of firearms, both domestically and internationally. The persistent lack of awareness of the register among the general population highlights the need to improve the visibility and awareness of this key initiative, however.

Public education on firearm safety and security is crucial for the effective management of privately held firearms, especially as the current conflict subsides. Policies should build on current information levels, recognize the importance of informal learning about firearm safety, and acknowledge that some existing knowledge may become outdated. This approach will help raise awareness of measures to
prevent loss, diversion, misuse, and accidents related to civilian firearms.